SELECT 
  SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS products.product_id, 
  descr1.product as product, 
  companies.company as company_name, 
  popularity.total as popularity, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      prices.price, 
      prices.price - (
        prices.price * prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) as price, 
  absolute_rating.rating AS absolute_vendor_rating, 
  products.product_type, 
  products.parent_product_id, 
  products.list_price as list_price, 
  MAX(
    100 - (
      (prices.price * 100) / products.list_price
    )
  ) AS sales_discount, 
  ec.energy_class as energy_class, 
  ec.label_path as energy_label_path, 
  ec.datasheet_value as energy_datasheet_value 
FROM 
  cscart_products as products 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_features_values ON cscart_product_features_values.product_id = products.product_id 
  AND cscart_product_features_values.lang_code = 'ru' 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_features ON cscart_product_features_values.feature_id = cscart_product_features.feature_id 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_descriptions as descr1 ON descr1.product_id = products.product_id 
  AND descr1.lang_code = 'ru' 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_prices as prices ON prices.product_id = products.product_id 
  AND prices.lower_limit = 1 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_prices as prices_2 ON prices.product_id = prices_2.product_id 
  AND prices_2.lower_limit = 1 
  AND prices_2.price < prices.price 
  AND prices_2.usergroup_id IN (0, 0, 1) 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_companies AS companies ON companies.company_id = products.company_id 
  INNER JOIN cscart_products_categories as products_categories ON products_categories.product_id = products.product_id 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = products_categories.category_id 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_popularity as popularity ON popularity.product_id = products.product_id 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_absolute_rating AS absolute_rating ON absolute_rating.object_id = products.company_id 
  AND absolute_rating.object_type = 'company' 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_sales ON cscart_product_sales.product_id = products.product_id 
  AND cscart_product_sales.category_id = products_categories.category_id 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_energy_compliance as ec ON ec.product_id = products.product_id 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND companies.status IN ('A') 
  AND (
    products.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(0, products.usergroup_ids) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(1, products.usergroup_ids)
  ) 
  AND products.status IN ('A') 
  AND prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 0, 1) 
  AND prices_2.price IS NULL 
  AND products.parent_product_id = 0 
  AND products.product_type != 'D' 
GROUP BY 
  products.product_id 
HAVING 
  sales_discount > 0 
  AND price < list_price 
ORDER BY 
  sales_discount desc, 
  products.product_id ASC 
LIMIT 
  0, 10

Query time 0.02060

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "having_condition": "sales_discount > 0 and price < products.list_price",
    "filesort": {
      "sort_key": "max(100 - prices.price * 100 / products.list_price) desc, products.product_id",
      "temporary_table": {
        "nested_loop": [
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "absolute_rating",
              "access_type": "system",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
              "rows": 0,
              "filtered": 0,
              "const_row_not_found": true
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "cscart_categories",
              "access_type": "ALL",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "c_status", "p_category_id"],
              "rows": 90,
              "filtered": 100,
              "attached_condition": "(cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids)) and cscart_categories.`status` in ('A','H') and cscart_categories.storefront_id in (0,1)"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "products_categories",
              "access_type": "ref",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pt"],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "key_length": "3",
              "used_key_parts": ["category_id"],
              "ref": ["cscart.cscart_categories.category_id"],
              "rows": 2,
              "filtered": 100,
              "using_index": true
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "products",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "status", "idx_parent_product_id"],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "key_length": "3",
              "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
              "ref": ["cscart.products_categories.product_id"],
              "rows": 1,
              "filtered": 94.64575195,
              "attached_condition": "products.parent_product_id = 0 and (products.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,products.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,products.usergroup_ids)) and products.`status` = 'A' and products.product_type <> 'D'"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "popularity",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "total"],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "key_length": "3",
              "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
              "ref": ["cscart.products_categories.product_id"],
              "rows": 1,
              "filtered": 100
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "ec",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "key_length": "4",
              "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
              "ref": ["cscart.products_categories.product_id"],
              "rows": 1,
              "filtered": 100,
              "attached_condition": "trigcond(ec.product_id = products.product_id)"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "companies",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "key_length": "4",
              "used_key_parts": ["company_id"],
              "ref": ["cscart.products.company_id"],
              "rows": 1,
              "filtered": 100,
              "attached_condition": "companies.`status` = 'A'"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "prices",
              "access_type": "ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "usergroup",
                "product_id",
                "lower_limit",
                "usergroup_id"
              ],
              "key": "usergroup",
              "key_length": "3",
              "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
              "ref": ["cscart.products_categories.product_id"],
              "rows": 2,
              "filtered": 93.62086487,
              "index_condition": "prices.lower_limit = 1 and prices.usergroup_id in (0,0,1)"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "prices_2",
              "access_type": "ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "usergroup",
                "product_id",
                "lower_limit",
                "usergroup_id"
              ],
              "key": "usergroup",
              "key_length": "3",
              "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
              "ref": ["cscart.products_categories.product_id"],
              "rows": 2,
              "filtered": 93.62086487,
              "attached_condition": "trigcond(prices_2.price is null) and trigcond(prices_2.lower_limit = 1 and prices_2.price < prices.price and prices_2.usergroup_id in (0,0,1))",
              "not_exists": true
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "cscart_product_features_values",
              "access_type": "ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "lang_code",
                "product_id",
                "idx_product_feature_variant_id"
              ],
              "key": "idx_product_feature_variant_id",
              "key_length": "3",
              "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
              "ref": ["cscart.products_categories.product_id"],
              "rows": 11,
              "filtered": 53.15789413,
              "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_product_features_values.lang_code = 'ru')",
              "using_index": true
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "descr1",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id"],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "key_length": "9",
              "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
              "ref": ["cscart.products_categories.product_id", "const"],
              "rows": 1,
              "filtered": 100,
              "attached_condition": "trigcond(descr1.lang_code = 'ru')"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id product company_name popularity price absolute_vendor_rating product_type parent_product_id list_price sales_discount energy_class energy_label_path energy_datasheet_value
150 Wildwood city classic Мир спорта 30 4800.00000000 P 0 24000.00 80.000000
181 Набор для игры в гольф Bloom (для женщин) Мир спорта 18 11499.65000000 P 0 31499.65 63.492769
231 2011 Tycoon Мир спорта 18 1275.00000000 P 0 3465.00 63.203463
230 2011 Pit Boss Мир спорта 21 1675.00000000 P 0 4375.00 61.714286
164 Samsung WB210 Гаджет 21 3749.65000000 P 0 8749.65 57.145143
177 Клюшка для гольфа BLACK DRIVER Мир спорта 21 6000.00000000 P 0 14000.00 57.142857
188 Мячи для гольфа Wilson Staff Мир спорта 21 150.00000000 P 0 350.00 57.142857
174 Электрический степлер Swingline® Optima® 20 Всё для дома 18 1526.25000000 P 0 3526.25 56.717476
232 2011 Ice Queen Мир спорта 27 1275.00000000 P 0 2798.25 54.435808
166 Nikon 1 J1 Two-Lens Kit красный Гаджет 18 12248.25000000 P 0 26248.25 53.336889