SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.short_description, 
  IF(
    cscart_product_descriptions.short_description = '' 
    OR cscart_product_descriptions.short_description IS NULL, 
    cscart_product_descriptions.full_description, 
    ''
  ) AS full_description, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.unit_name 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    78, 79, 81, 107, 109, 91, 92, 80, 28, 12, 
    7, 34, 38, 102, 31, 15, 41, 11, 278, 282, 
    280, 27
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.03627

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "9",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
          "rows": 22,
          "filtered": 100,
          "index_condition": "cscart_product_descriptions.product_id in (78,79,81,107,109,91,92,80,28,12,7,34,38,102,31,15,41,11,278,282,280,27) and cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru'"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}