SELECT 
  cscart_categories.category_id, 
  cscart_categories.parent_id, 
  cscart_categories.id_path, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.category, 
  cscart_categories.position, 
  cscart_categories.status, 
  cscart_categories.company_id, 
  cscart_categories.storefront_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_category_descriptions ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_category_descriptions.category_id 
  AND cscart_category_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru' 
WHERE 
  1 = 1 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A') 
  AND cscart_categories.parent_id IN (175) 
  AND cscart_categories.id_path LIKE '166/175/%' 
  AND cscart_categories.category_id != 265 
  AND cscart_categories.parent_id != 265 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
ORDER BY 
  cscart_categories.is_trash asc, 
  cscart_categories.position asc, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.category asc

Query time 0.00108

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "filesort": {
      "sort_key": "cscart_categories.is_trash, cscart_categories.position, cscart_category_descriptions.category",
      "temporary_table": {
        "nested_loop": [
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "cscart_categories",
              "access_type": "ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "c_status",
                "parent",
                "id_path",
                "p_category_id"
              ],
              "key": "parent",
              "key_length": "3",
              "used_key_parts": ["parent_id"],
              "ref": ["const"],
              "rowid_filter": {
                "range": {
                  "key": "id_path",
                  "used_key_parts": ["id_path"]
                },
                "rows": 7,
                "selectivity_pct": 7.777777778
              },
              "rows": 7,
              "filtered": 7.777777672,
              "attached_condition": "(cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids)) and cscart_categories.`status` = 'A' and cscart_categories.id_path like '166/175/%' and cscart_categories.category_id <> 265 and cscart_categories.storefront_id in (0,1)"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "cscart_category_descriptions",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "key_length": "9",
              "used_key_parts": ["category_id", "lang_code"],
              "ref": ["cscart.cscart_categories.category_id", "const"],
              "rows": 1,
              "filtered": 100,
              "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_category_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru')"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}